Publication Abstract

Maragos, P., Quatieri, T.F., and Kaiser, J.F., Speech Nonlinearities, Modulations, and Energy Operators, Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Tor onto, Ontario, Canada, May 1991.

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate an AM-FM model for representing modulations in speech resonances. Specifically, we propose a frequency modulation (FM) model for the time-varying formants whose amplitude varies as the envelope of an amplitude-modulated (AM) signal. To detect the modulations we apply the energy operator $\energop (x)=(\dot{x})^2-x\ddot{x}$ and its discrete counterpart. We found that $\energop $ can approximately track the envelope of AM signals, the instantaneous frequency of FM signals, and the product of these two functions in the general case of AM-FM signals. Several experiments are reported on the application of this AM-FM modeling to speech signals, bandpass filtered via Gabor filtering.