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FDSOI process technology for subthreshold-operation ultra-low power electronics

Published in:
ECS Meeting, 1 May 2011 (in: Adv. Semiconductor-on-Insulator Technol. Rel. Phys., Vol. 35, No. 5, 2011, pp. 179-188).
Topic:

Summary

Ultralow-power electronics will expand the technological capability of handheld and wireless devices by dramatically improving battery life and portability. In addition to innovative low-power design techniques, a complementary process technology is required to enable the highest performance devices possible while maintaining extremely low power consumption. Transistors optimized for subthreshold operation at 0.3 V may achieve a 97% reduction in switching energy compared to conventional transistors. The process technology described in this article takes advantage of the capacitance and performance benefits of thin-body silicon-on-insulator devices, combined with a workfunction engineered mid-gap metal gate.
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Summary

Ultralow-power electronics will expand the technological capability of handheld and wireless devices by dramatically improving battery life and portability. In addition to innovative low-power design techniques, a complementary process technology is required to enable the highest performance devices possible while maintaining extremely low power consumption. Transistors optimized for subthreshold operation...

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Work-function-tuned TiN metal gate FDSOI transistors for subthreshold operation

Published in:
IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, Vol. 58, No. 2, February 2011, pp. 419-426.

Summary

The effective work function of a reactively sputtered TiN metal gate is shown to be tunable from 4.30 to 4.65 eV. The effective work function decreases with nitrogen flow during reactive sputter deposition. Nitrogen annealing increases the effective work function and reduces Dit. Thinner TiN improves the variation in effective work function and reduces gate dielectric charge. Doping of the polysilicon above the TiN metal gate with B or P has negligible effect on the effective work function. The work-function-tuned TiN is integrated into ultralow-power fully depleted silicon-on-insulator CMOS transistors optimized for subthreshold operation at 0.3 V. The following performance metrics are achieved: 64-80-mV/dec subthreshold swing, PMOS/NMOS on-current ratio near 1, 71% reduction inCgd, and 55% reduction in Vt variation when compared with conventional transistors, although significant short-channel effects are observed.
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Summary

The effective work function of a reactively sputtered TiN metal gate is shown to be tunable from 4.30 to 4.65 eV. The effective work function decreases with nitrogen flow during reactive sputter deposition. Nitrogen annealing increases the effective work function and reduces Dit. Thinner TiN improves the variation in effective...

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SOI-enabled three-dimensional integrated-circuit technology

Published in:
2010 IEEE Int. SOI Conf., 11 October 2010.

Summary

We have demonstrated a new 3D device interconnect approach, with direct back side via connection to a transistor in a 3D stack, resulting in a reduced 3D footprint by an estimated ~40% as well as potential for lower series resistance. We have demonstrated high yield 3D through-oxide-via (TOV) with a 40% size reduction to 1.0 ?m and with an associated exclusion zone reduced by a factor of 2, substantially smaller than in bulk-Si 3D through-siliconvia (TSV) approaches. These significant enhancements were demonstrated with our 3D technology based on conventional SOI wafers.
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Summary

We have demonstrated a new 3D device interconnect approach, with direct back side via connection to a transistor in a 3D stack, resulting in a reduced 3D footprint by an estimated ~40% as well as potential for lower series resistance. We have demonstrated high yield 3D through-oxide-via (TOV) with a...

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Improvement of SOI MOSFET RF performance by implant optimization

Published in:
IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett., Vol. 20, No. 5, May 2010, pp. 271-273.

Summary

The characteristics of silicon on insulator MOSFETs are modified to enhance the RF performance by varying channel implants. Without adding new masks or fabrication steps to the standard CMOS process, this approach can be easily applied in standard foundry fabrication. The transconductance, output resistance, and breakdown voltage can be increased by eliminating channel and drain extension implants. As a result, the fmax of the modified n-MOSFET with a 150 nm gate length exceeds 120 GHz, showing a 20% improvement over the standard MOSFET for digital circuits on the same wafer.
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Summary

The characteristics of silicon on insulator MOSFETs are modified to enhance the RF performance by varying channel implants. Without adding new masks or fabrication steps to the standard CMOS process, this approach can be easily applied in standard foundry fabrication. The transconductance, output resistance, and breakdown voltage can be increased...

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FDSOI process technology for subthreshold-operation ultralow-power electronics

Published in:
Proc. of the IEEE, Vol. 98, No. 2, February 2010, pp. 333-342.
Topic:

Summary

Ultralow-power electronics will expand the technological capability of handheld and wireless devices by dramatically improving battery life and portability. In addition to innovative low-power design techniques, a complementary process technology is required to enable the highest performance devices possible while maintaining extremely low power consumption. Transistors optimized for subthreshold operation at 0.3 V may achieve a 97% reduction in switching energy compared to conventional transistors. The process technology described in this article takes advantage of the capacitance and performance benefits of thin-body silicon-oninsulator devices, combined with a workfunction engineered mid-gap metal gate.
READ LESS

Summary

Ultralow-power electronics will expand the technological capability of handheld and wireless devices by dramatically improving battery life and portability. In addition to innovative low-power design techniques, a complementary process technology is required to enable the highest performance devices possible while maintaining extremely low power consumption. Transistors optimized for subthreshold operation...

READ MORE

Effects of ionizing radiation on digital single event transients in a 180-nm fully depleted SOI process

Published in:
2009 IEEE Nuclear & Space Radiation Effects Conf., 07/20/2009 [in: IEEE Trans. Nuclear Sci., Vol. 56, No. 9, December 2009, pp. 3477-3482].

Summary

Effects of ionizing radiation on single event transients are reported for Fully Depleted SOI (FDSOI) technology using experiments and simulations. Logic circuits, i.e. CMOS inverter chains, were irradiated with cobalt-60 gamma radiation. When charge is induced in the n-channel FET with laser-probing techniques, laser-induced transients widen with increased total dose. This is because radiation causes charge to be trapped in the buried oxide, and reduces the p-channel FET drive current. When the p-channel FET drive current is reduced, the time required to restore the output of the laser-probed FET back to its original condition is increased, i.e. the upset transient width is increased. A widening of the transient pulse is also observed when a positive bias is applied to the wafer without any exposure to radiation. This is because a positive wafer bias reproduces the shifts inFET threshold voltages that occur during total dose irradiation. Results were also verified with heavy ion testing and mixed mode simulations.
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Summary

Effects of ionizing radiation on single event transients are reported for Fully Depleted SOI (FDSOI) technology using experiments and simulations. Logic circuits, i.e. CMOS inverter chains, were irradiated with cobalt-60 gamma radiation. When charge is induced in the n-channel FET with laser-probing techniques, laser-induced transients widen with increased total dose...

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Three-dimensional integration technology for advanced focal planes

Summary

We have developed a three-dimensional (3D) circuit integration technology that exploits the advantages of silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology to enable wafer-level stacking and micrometer-scale electrical interconnection of fully fabricated circuit wafers. This paper describes the 3D technology and discusses some of the advanced focal plane arrays that have been built using it.
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Summary

We have developed a three-dimensional (3D) circuit integration technology that exploits the advantages of silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology to enable wafer-level stacking and micrometer-scale electrical interconnection of fully fabricated circuit wafers. This paper describes the 3D technology and discusses some of the advanced focal plane arrays that have been built using...

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Channel engineering of SOI MOSFETs for RF applications

Summary

Channel engineering of SOI MOSFETs is explored by altering ion implantation without adding any new fabrication steps to the standard CMOS process. The effects of implantation on characteristics important for RF applications, such as transconductance, output resistance, breakdown voltage, are compared. Data show that the best overall RF MOSFET has no body and drain-extension implants.
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Summary

Channel engineering of SOI MOSFETs is explored by altering ion implantation without adding any new fabrication steps to the standard CMOS process. The effects of implantation on characteristics important for RF applications, such as transconductance, output resistance, breakdown voltage, are compared. Data show that the best overall RF MOSFET has...

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Wafer-scale 3D integration of InGaAs image sensors with Si readout circuits

Summary

In this work, we modified our wafer-scale 3D integration technique, originally developed for Si, to hybridize InP-based image sensor arrays with Si readout circuits. InGaAs image arrays based on the InGaAs layer grown on InP substrates were fabricated in the same processing line as silicon-on-insulator (SOI) readout circuits. The finished 150-mm-diameter InP wafer was then directly bonded to the SOI wafer and interconnected to the Si readout circuits by 3D vias. A 1024 x 1024 diode array with 8-um pixel size is demonstrated. This work shows the wafer-scale 3D integration of a compound semiconductor with Si.
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Summary

In this work, we modified our wafer-scale 3D integration technique, originally developed for Si, to hybridize InP-based image sensor arrays with Si readout circuits. InGaAs image arrays based on the InGaAs layer grown on InP substrates were fabricated in the same processing line as silicon-on-insulator (SOI) readout circuits. The finished...

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High density plasma etching of titanium nitride metal gate electrodes for fully depleted silicon-on-insulator subthreshold transistor integration

Published in:
J. Vacuum Sci. Technol. B, Microelectron. Process. Phenon., Vol. 27, No. 6, p. 2472-2479.

Summary

Etching of TiN metal gate materials as a part of an integrated flow to fabricate fully depleted silicon-on-insulator ultralow-power transistors is reported. TiN etching is characterized as a function of source power, bias power, gas composition, and substrate temperature in a high density inductively coupled plasma reactor. Under the conditions used in this work, the TiN etch rate appears to be ion flux limited and exhibits a low ion enhanced etching activation energy of 0.033 eV. Notching of the polysilicon layer above the TiN may occur during the polysilicon overetch step as well as the TiN overetch step. Notching is not significantly affected by charging of the underlying gate dielectric under the conditions used. By optimizing the plasma etch process conditions, TiN:SiO2 selectivity of nearly 1000:1 is achieved, and a two-step TiN main etch and TiN overetch process yields well-defined metal gate structures without severe gate profile artifacts.
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Summary

Etching of TiN metal gate materials as a part of an integrated flow to fabricate fully depleted silicon-on-insulator ultralow-power transistors is reported. TiN etching is characterized as a function of source power, bias power, gas composition, and substrate temperature in a high density inductively coupled plasma reactor. Under the conditions...

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