Publications

Refine Results

(Filters Applied) Clear All

Germanium CCDs for large-format SWIR and x-ray imaging

May 25, 2017
  |
Journal Article
Author:
Christopher W. Leitz
…
Published in:
J. Instrum., Vol. 12, No. 5, May 2017, C05014.
Topic:
photonics
R&D area:
R&D group:

Summary

Germanium exhibits high sensitivity to short-wave infrared (SWIR) and X-ray radiation, making it an interesting candidate for imaging applications in these bands. Recent advances in germanium processing allow for high-quality charge-coupled devices (CCDs) to be realized in this material. In this article, we discuss our evaluation of germanium as an absorber material for CCDs via fabrication and analysis of discrete devices such as diodes, metal-insulator-semiconductor capacitors, and buried-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs). We then describe fabrication of our first imaging device on germanium, a 32 x 1 x 8.1 um linear shift register. Based on this work, we find that germanium is a promising material for CCDs imaging in the SWIR and X-ray bands.
READ LESS

Summary

Germanium exhibits high sensitivity to short-wave infrared (SWIR) and X-ray radiation, making it an interesting candidate for imaging applications in these bands. Recent advances in germanium processing allow for high-quality charge-coupled devices (CCDs) to be realized in this material. In this article, we discuss our evaluation of germanium as an...

READ MORE
Germanium CCDs for large-format SWIR and x-ray imaging

Raman Detection of a Single Airborne Aerosol Particles of Isovanillin(3.09 MB)

May 24, 2017
  |
Journal Article
Author:
Roshan L. Aggarwal
…
Published in:
AIP Advances, vol. 7, no. 5
Topic:
chemical technologies
R&D area:
R&D group:

Summary

Raman spectroscopy of trapped single aerosol particles has been reported previously. However, detection of single aerosol particles via Raman spectroscopy in a flowing system has not been yet reported. In this paper, we describe the first detection of single 3 um flowing airborne aerosol particles flowing through a Raman system, which is a simplified version of the previously reported system with a 532-nm, 10W cw double-pass laser, 532-nm isolator, and double-sided collection optics. The current system has single-pass laser, no 532-nm isolator, and single-sided collection optics. Previous Raman detection of single aerosol particles has been made using trapped particles.
READ LESS

Summary

Raman spectroscopy of trapped single aerosol particles has been reported previously. However, detection of single aerosol particles via Raman spectroscopy in a flowing system has not been yet reported. In this paper, we describe the first detection of single 3 um flowing airborne aerosol particles flowing through a Raman system...

READ MORE
Raman Detection of a Single Airborne Aerosol Particles of Isovanillin

Strong effect of azodye layer thickness on RM-stabilized photoalignment

May 21, 2017
  |
Conference Paper
Author:
Colin P. McGinty
…
Published in:
SID Symp. Digest of Tech. Papers, Vol. 48, No. 1, May 2017, pp. 578-81.
Topic:
photonics
R&D area:
R&D group:

Summary

We have previously proposed a process for stabilizing azodye photo-alignment layers using a surface localized reactive mesogen (RM) layer applied by dissolving the monomer in a liquid crystal prior to filling the cell. Surprisingly, thin azodye layers (~3 nm) exhibit improved stability upon exposure to polarized light compared to thicker layers (~40 nm).
READ LESS

Summary

We have previously proposed a process for stabilizing azodye photo-alignment layers using a surface localized reactive mesogen (RM) layer applied by dissolving the monomer in a liquid crystal prior to filling the cell. Surprisingly, thin azodye layers (~3 nm) exhibit improved stability upon exposure to polarized light compared to thicker...

READ MORE
Strong effect of azodye layer thickness on RM-stabilized photoalignment

Broadband transparent optical phase change materials

May 14, 2017
  |
Conference Paper
Author:
Yifei Zhang
…
Published in:
CLEO: Conf. on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 14-19 May 2017.
Topic:
optics
R&D area:
R&D group:

Summary

We report a new group of optical phase change materials Ge-Sb-Se-Te (GSST) with low loss from telecom bands to LWIR. We further demonstrated GSST-integratedSiN photonics with significantly improved switching performance over conventional GST alloys.
READ LESS

Summary

We report a new group of optical phase change materials Ge-Sb-Se-Te (GSST) with low loss from telecom bands to LWIR. We further demonstrated GSST-integratedSiN photonics with significantly improved switching performance over conventional GST alloys.

READ MORE
Broadband transparent optical phase change materials

Fabrication security and trust of domain-specific ASIC processors

May 1, 2017
  |
Conference Paper
Author:
Mankuan Michael Vai
…
Published in:
IEEE Intl. Symp. on Hardware Oriented Security and Trust, HOST, 1-5 May 2017.
Topic:
algorithms
R&D area:
R&D group:

Summary

Application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) are commonly used to implement high-performance signal-processing systems for high-volume applications, but their high development costs and inflexible nature make ASICs inappropriate for algorithm development and low-volume DoD applications. In addition, the intellectual property (IP) embedded in the ASIC is at risk when fabricated in an untrusted foundry. Lincoln Laboratory has developed a flexible signal-processing architecture to implement a wide range of algorithms within one application domain, for example radar signal processing. In this design methodology, common signal processing kernels such as digital filters, fast Fourier transforms (FFTs), and matrix transformations are implemented as optimized modules, which are interconnected by a programmable wiring fabric that is similar to the interconnect in a field programmable gate array (FPGA). One or more programmable microcontrollers are also embedded in the fabric to sequence the operations. This design methodology, which has been termed a coarse-grained FPGA, has been shown to achieve a near ASIC level of performance. In addition, since the signal processing algorithms are expressed in firmware that is loaded at runtime, the important application details are protected from an unscrupulous foundry.
READ LESS

Summary

Application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) are commonly used to implement high-performance signal-processing systems for high-volume applications, but their high development costs and inflexible nature make ASICs inappropriate for algorithm development and low-volume DoD applications. In addition, the intellectual property (IP) embedded in the ASIC is at risk when fabricated in...

READ MORE
Fabrication security and trust of domain-specific ASIC processors

Seismic barrier protection of critical infrastructure

April 25, 2017
  |
Conference Paper
Author:
Robert W. Haupt
…
Published in:
16th Annual IEEE Int. Symp. on Technologies for Homeland Security, HST 2017, 25-26 April 2017.
Topic:
advanced materials
R&D area:
R&D group:

Summary

Each year, on average a major magnitude-8 earthquake strikes somewhere in the world. In addition, 10,000 earthquake related deaths occur annually, where collapsing buildings claim by far most lives. Moreover, in recent events, industry activity of oil extraction and wastewater reinjection are suspected to cause earthquake swarms that threaten high-value oil pipeline networks, U.S. oil storage reserves, and civilian homes. Earthquake engineering of building structural designs and materials have evolved over many years to minimize the destructive effects of seismic surface waves. However, even under the best engineering practices, significant damage and numbers of fatalities can still occur. In this paper, we present a novel concept and approach to redirect and attenuate the ground motion amplitudes caused by earthquakes by implementing an engineered subsurface seismic barrier – creating a form of metamaterial. The barrier is comprised of borehole array complexes and trench designs that impede and divert destructive seismic surface waves from a designated 'protection zone'. The barrier is also designed to divert not only surface waves in the aerial plane, but includes vertical 'V' shaped muffler structures composed of opposing boreholes to mitigate seismic waves from diffracting and traveling in the vertical plane. Computational 2D and 3D seismic wave propagation models developed at MIT Lincoln Laboratory suggest that borehole array and trench arrangements are critical to the redirection and self-interference reduction of broadband hazardous seismic waves in the vicinity of the structure to protect. The computational models are compared with experimental data obtained from large bench-scale physical models that contain scaled borehole arrays and trenches. These experiments are carried out at high frequencies, but with suitable material parameters and borehole dimensions. They indicate that effects of a devastating 7.0 Mw -magnitude earthquake can be reduced to those of a minor magnitude-4.5 or -5.5 Mw earthquake within a suitable protection zone. These results are very promising, and warrant validation in field scale tests.
READ LESS

Summary

Each year, on average a major magnitude-8 earthquake strikes somewhere in the world. In addition, 10,000 earthquake related deaths occur annually, where collapsing buildings claim by far most lives. Moreover, in recent events, industry activity of oil extraction and wastewater reinjection are suspected to cause earthquake swarms that threaten high-value...

READ MORE
Seismic barrier protection of critical infrastructure

Effect of surface roughness and H-termination chemistry on diamond's semiconducting surface conductance

April 10, 2017
  |
Journal Article
Author:
Travis C. Wade
…
Published in:
Diamond Related Mater., Vol. 76, 1 June 2017, pp. 79-85.
Topic:
advanced materials
R&D area:
R&D group:

Summary

The H-terminated surface of diamond when activated with NO2 produces a surface conduction layer that has been used to make FETs. Variations in processing can significantly affect this conduction layer. This article discusses the effect of diamond surface preparation and H termination procedures on surface conduction. Surface preparations that generate a rough surface result in a more conductive surface with the conductivity increasing with surface roughness. We hypothesize that the increase in conductance with roughness is the result of an increase of reactive sites that generate the carriers. Roughening the diamond surface is just one way to generate these sites and the rough surface is believed to be a separate property from the density of surface reactive sites. The presence of C in the H2 plasma used for H termination decreases surface conductance. A simple procedure for NO2 activation is demonstrated. Interpretation of electrical measurements and possible alternatives to activation with NO2 are discussed. Using Kasu's oxidation model for surface conductance as a guide, compounds other than NO2 have been found to activate the diamond surface as well.
READ LESS

Summary

The H-terminated surface of diamond when activated with NO2 produces a surface conduction layer that has been used to make FETs. Variations in processing can significantly affect this conduction layer. This article discusses the effect of diamond surface preparation and H termination procedures on surface conduction. Surface preparations that generate...

READ MORE
Effect of surface roughness and H-termination chemistry on diamond's semiconducting surface conductance

High-efficiency large-angle Pancharatnam phase deflector based on dual-twist design

March 20, 2017
  |
Journal Article
Author:
Kun Gao
…
Published in:
Opt. Express, Vol. 25, No. 6, 20 March 2017.
Topic:
optics
R&D area:
R&D group:

Summary

We have previously shown through simulation that an optical beam deflector based on the Pancharatnam (geometric) phase can provide high efficiency with up to 80° deflection using a dual-twist structure for polarization-state control [Appl. Opt. 54, 10035 (2015)]. In this report, we demonstrate that its optical performance is as predicted and far beyond what could be expected for a conventional diffractive optical device. We provide details about construction and characterization of a ± 40° beam-steering device with 90% diffraction efficiency based on our dual-twist design at a 633nm wavelength.
READ LESS

Summary

We have previously shown through simulation that an optical beam deflector based on the Pancharatnam (geometric) phase can provide high efficiency with up to 80° deflection using a dual-twist structure for polarization-state control [Appl. Opt. 54, 10035 (2015)]. In this report, we demonstrate that its optical performance is as predicted...

READ MORE
High-efficiency large-angle Pancharatnam phase deflector based on dual-twist design

Characterization of nitrated sugar alcohols by atmospheric-pressure chemical-ionization mass spectrometry

February 28, 2017
  |
Journal Article
Author:
Alla Ostrinskaya
…
Published in:
Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., Vol. 33, 2017, pp. 333-43.
Topic:
detection systems
R&D area:
R&D group:

Summary

RATIONALE: The nitrated sugar alcohols mannitol hexanitrate (MHN), sorbitol hexanitrate (SHN) and xylitol pentanitrate (XPN) are in the same class of compounds as the powerful military-grade explosive pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) and the homemade explosive erythritol tetranitrate (ETN) but, unlike for PETN and ETN, ways to detect MHN, SHN and XPN by mass spectrometry (MS) have not been fully investigated. METHODS: Atmospheric-pressure chemical-ionization mass spectrometry (APCI-MS) was used to detect ions characteristic of nitrated sugar alcohols. APCI time-of-flight mass spectrometry (APCI-TOF MS) and collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (CID MS/MS) were used for confirmation of each ion assignment. In addition, the use of the chemical ionization reagent dichloromethane was investigated to improve sensitivity and selectivity for detection of MHN, SHN and XPN. RESULTS: All the nitrated sugar alcohols studied followed similar fragmentation pathways in the APCI source. MHN, SHN and XPN were detectable as fragment ions formed by the loss of NO2, HNO2, NO3, and CH2NO2 groups, and in the presence of dichloromethane chlorinated adduct ions were observed. It was determined that in MS/MS mode, chlorinated adducts of MHN and SHN had the lowest limits of detection (LODs), while for XPN the lowest LOD was for the [XPN-NO2]- fragment ion. Partially nitrated analogs of each of the three compounds were also present in the starting materials, and ions attributable to these compounds versus those formed from in-source fragmentation of MHN, SHN, and XPN were distinguished and assigned using liquid chromatography APCI-MS and ESI-MS. CONCLUSIONS: The APCI-MS technique provides a selective and sensitive method for the detection of nitrated sugar alcohols. The methods disclosed here will benefit the area of explosives trace detection for counterterrorism and forensics.
READ LESS

Summary

RATIONALE: The nitrated sugar alcohols mannitol hexanitrate (MHN), sorbitol hexanitrate (SHN) and xylitol pentanitrate (XPN) are in the same class of compounds as the powerful military-grade explosive pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) and the homemade explosive erythritol tetranitrate (ETN) but, unlike for PETN and ETN, ways to detect MHN, SHN and XPN...

READ MORE
Characterization of nitrated sugar alcohols by atmospheric-pressure chemical-ionization mass spectrometry

High-resolution, high-throughput, CMOS-compatible electron beam patterning

February 26, 2017
  |
Conference Paper
Author:
Melissa A. Smith
…
Published in:
SPIE Advanced Lithography, 26 February - 2 March 2017.
Topic:
lithography
R&D area:
R&D group:

Summary

Two scanning electron beam lithography (SEBL) patterning processes have been developed, one positive and one negative tone. The processes feature nanometer-scale resolution, chemical amplification for faster throughput, long film life under vacuum, and sufficient etch resistance to enable patterning of a variety of materials with a metal-free (CMOS/MEMS compatible) tool set. These resist processes were developed to address two limitations of conventional SEBL resist processes: (1) low areal throughput and (2) limited compatibility with the traditional microfabrication infrastructure.
READ LESS

Summary

Two scanning electron beam lithography (SEBL) patterning processes have been developed, one positive and one negative tone. The processes feature nanometer-scale resolution, chemical amplification for faster throughput, long film life under vacuum, and sufficient etch resistance to enable patterning of a variety of materials with a metal-free (CMOS/MEMS compatible) tool...

READ MORE
High-resolution, high-throughput, CMOS-compatible electron beam patterning
31-40 of 354