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Rapid Quantitative Analysis of Multiple Explosive Compound Classes on a Single Instrument via Flow-Injection Analysis Tandem Mass Spectrometry

May 24, 2018
  |
Journal Article
Author:
Alla Ostrinskaya
…
Published in:
Journal of Forensic Sciences
Topic:
chemical technologies
R&D area:
R&D group:

Summary

A flow-injection analysis tandem mass spectrometry (FIA MSMS) method was developed for rapid quantitative analysis of 10 different inorganic and organic explosives. Performance is optimized by tailoring the ionization method (APCI/ESI), de-clustering potentials, and collision energies for each specific analyte. In doing so, a single instrument can be used to detect urea nitrate, potassium chlorate, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 2,4,6-trinitrophenylmethylnitramine, triacetone triperoxide, hexamethylene triperoxide diamine, pentaerythritol tetranitrate, 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine, nitroglycerin, and octohy-dro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine with sensitivities all in the picogram per milliliter range. In conclusion, FIA APCI/ESI MSMS is a fast (<1 min/sample), sensitive (~pg/mL LOQ), and precise (intraday RSD < 10%) method for trace explosive detection that can play an important role in criminal and attributional forensics, counterterrorism, and environmental protection areas, and has the potential to augment or replace several of the existing explosive detection methods.
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Summary

A flow-injection analysis tandem mass spectrometry (FIA MSMS) method was developed for rapid quantitative analysis of 10 different inorganic and organic explosives. Performance is optimized by tailoring the ionization method (APCI/ESI), de-clustering potentials, and collision energies for each specific analyte. In doing so, a single instrument can be used to...

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Rapid Quantitative Analysis of Multiple Explosive Compound Classes on a Single Instrument via Flow-Injection Analysis Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Nonlinear bleaching, absorption, and scattering of 532-nm-irradiated plasmonic nanoparticles

February 7, 2013
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Journal Article
Author:
Vladimir Liberman
…
Published in:
J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 113. No. 5, 7 February 2013, 053107.
Topic:
lasers
R&D area:
R&D group:

Summary

Single-pulse irradiation of Au and Ag suspensions of nanospheres and nanodisks with 532-nm 4-ns pulses has identified complex optical nonlinearities while minimizing material damage. For all materials tested, we observe competition between saturable absorption (SA) and reverse SA (RSA), with RSA behavior dominating for intensities above ~50 MW/cm^2. Due to reduced laser damage in single-pulse experiments, the observed intrinsic nonlinear absorption coefficients are the highest reported to date for Au nanoparticles. We find size dependence to the nonlinear absorption enhancement for Au nanoparticles, peaking in magnitude for 80-nm nanospheres and falling off at larger sizes. The nonlinear absorption coefficients for Au and Ag spheres are comparable in magnitude. On the other hand, the nonlinear absorption for Ag disks, when corrected for volume fraction, is several times higher. These trends in nonlinear absorption are correlated to local electric field enhancement through quasi-static mean-field theory. Through variable size aperture measurements, we also separate nonlinear scattering from nonlinear absorption. For all materials tested, we find that nonlinear scattering is highly directional and that its magnitude is comparable to that of nonlinear absorption. These results indicate methods to improve the efficacy of plasmonic nanoparticles as optical limiters in pulsed laser systems.
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Summary

Single-pulse irradiation of Au and Ag suspensions of nanospheres and nanodisks with 532-nm 4-ns pulses has identified complex optical nonlinearities while minimizing material damage. For all materials tested, we observe competition between saturable absorption (SA) and reverse SA (RSA), with RSA behavior dominating for intensities above ~50 MW/cm^2. Due to...

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Nonlinear bleaching, absorption, and scattering of 532-nm-irradiated plasmonic nanoparticles

Retroreflectors for remote readout of colorimetric sensors

December 15, 2011
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Journal Article
Author:
Michael Switkes
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Published in:
Sensors and Actuators B-Chemical, Vol. 160, No. 1, 15 December 2011, pp. 1244-1249.
Topic:
remote sensing
R&D area:
R&D group:

Summary

We have developed a remote detection system consisting of commercially available retroreflective material coated with an analyte-specific colorimetric dye. Quantitative performance modeling predicts that, given the appropriate indicator dye, a system with a 10 cm optic and eye-safe illumination should be capable of detecting small droplets of contamination at kilometer ranges. We have synthesized new colorimetric dyes specific to organophosphate contamination and, with these dyes, demonstrated detection of 1um of liquid malathion at over 150 m with less than 20 mW of laser illumination.
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Summary

We have developed a remote detection system consisting of commercially available retroreflective material coated with an analyte-specific colorimetric dye. Quantitative performance modeling predicts that, given the appropriate indicator dye, a system with a 10 cm optic and eye-safe illumination should be capable of detecting small droplets of contamination at kilometer...

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Retroreflectors for remote readout of colorimetric sensors

Lithographically directed surface modification

May 26, 2009
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Conference Paper
Author:
Richard P. Kingsborough
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Published in:
J. Vacuum Sci. Technol. B, Microelectron. Process. Phenon., Vol. 27, No. 6, p. 3031-3037.
Topic:
lithography
R&D area:
R&D group:

Summary

The directed assembly of polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) films on a variety of photolytically nanopatterned siloxane-modified surfaces was investigated. The amount of siloxane removal is related to the exposure dose of a 157 nm laser. The modified surfaces were imaged using a 157 nm interference exposure system to lithographically define areas of different surface energies to direct the assembly of the diblock copolymer films. The analysis of the surface energy aerial image provided insights into the exposure doses required to result in defect-free films. While the slope of the surface energy aerial image was not found to be important by itself, in concert with the difference in high and low surface energy regions, as well as the maximum value of the low surface energy region, it provided insight into conditions needed to direct self-assembly of the block copolymer films. Preliminary investigations concerning the extension of this methodology to 193 nm showed that the polar surface energy of arylsiloxane-modified surfaces can also be affected by 193 nm exposure.
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Summary

The directed assembly of polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) films on a variety of photolytically nanopatterned siloxane-modified surfaces was investigated. The amount of siloxane removal is related to the exposure dose of a 157 nm laser. The modified surfaces were imaged using a 157 nm interference exposure system to lithographically define areas of...

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Lithographically directed surface modification
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