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Capacity-based analysis of physical-layer and link-layer techniques for reliable communication over free-space optical fading channels

Summary

Free-space optical communication links can experience signal power fluctuations due to channel effects such as turbulence and pointing jitter. Systems can ensure reliable, error-free communication over fading channels by using physical-layer techniques (e.g., forward error correction with codeword interleaving) and link-layer techniques (e.g., erasure coding or ARQ). In this work, Shannon capacity analysis is used to compare the fundamental performance of different coding architectures in a variety of link conditions. For systems using coherent receivers we find that, in channels with benign to moderate fade statistics, there can be a ~3 dB link budget advantage to using physical-layer interleaving instead of deferring fade mitigation to the link layer. On the other hand, in very strong fluctuations or when system robustness is paramount, it can be advantageous to use link layer codes.
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Summary

Free-space optical communication links can experience signal power fluctuations due to channel effects such as turbulence and pointing jitter. Systems can ensure reliable, error-free communication over fading channels by using physical-layer techniques (e.g., forward error correction with codeword interleaving) and link-layer techniques (e.g., erasure coding or ARQ). In this work...

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Design and performance of a 40W uplink laser transmitter for NASA's O2O laser communications mission

Summary

NASA's Orion Artemis II Optical Communications System (O2O) will provide operational laser communications between the ground and lunar orbit for the Artemis II crewed mission. In this work we describe a 40 W ground-based laser transmitter for the O2O system. The uplink transmitter operates in the optical C-band and uses an energy-efficient 32- PPM modulation format. Four spatial diversity channels are time-aligned and combined in the far field. Each channel produces up to 10 W of output power and contains both the communications signal and the 7 kHz modulated beacon signal required for acquisition. The transmitter delivers data at 10 Mbits/s and 20 Mbits/s channel rates, corresponding to the 250 MHz and 500 MHz slot rates respectively.
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Summary

NASA's Orion Artemis II Optical Communications System (O2O) will provide operational laser communications between the ground and lunar orbit for the Artemis II crewed mission. In this work we describe a 40 W ground-based laser transmitter for the O2O system. The uplink transmitter operates in the optical C-band and uses...

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On-orbit pointing performance of the Modular Agile Scalable Optical Terminal (MAScOT) for the ILLUMA-T mission

Summary

The Integrated LCRD LEO User Modem and Amplifier Terminal (ILLUMA-T) payload was the first space-based user terminal to demonstrate successful two-way optical communications with a ground terminal via NASA's Laser Communications Relay Demonstration (LCRD). In order to acquire the link, the ILLUMA-T optical module open loop points a wide beacon at the LCRD acquisition sensor. The initial pointing of the beacon is based on real-time ISS position and attitude information and precalculated LCRD ephemeris. This paper examines the on-orbit pointing performance of ILLUMA-T during the mission.
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Summary

The Integrated LCRD LEO User Modem and Amplifier Terminal (ILLUMA-T) payload was the first space-based user terminal to demonstrate successful two-way optical communications with a ground terminal via NASA's Laser Communications Relay Demonstration (LCRD). In order to acquire the link, the ILLUMA-T optical module open loop points a wide beacon...

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