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USSS-MITLL 2010 human assisted speaker recognition

January 2, 2011
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Conference Paper
Author:
Reva Schwartz
…
Published in:
Proc. IEEE ICASSP, 26 May 2011, pp. 5904-7.
Topic:
biometrics
R&D area:
R&D group:

Summary

The United States Secret Service (USSS) teamed with MIT Lincoln Laboratory (MIT/LL) in the US National Institute of Standards and Technology's 2010 Speaker Recognition Evaluation of Human Assisted Speaker Recognition (HASR). We describe our qualitative and automatic speaker comparison processes and our fusion of these processes, which are adapted from USSS casework. The USSS-MIT/LL 2010 HASR results are presented. We also present post-evaluation results. The results are encouraging within the resolving power of the evaluation, which was limited to enable reasonable levels of human effort. Future ideas and efforts are discussed, including new features and capitalizing on naive listeners.
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Summary

The United States Secret Service (USSS) teamed with MIT Lincoln Laboratory (MIT/LL) in the US National Institute of Standards and Technology's 2010 Speaker Recognition Evaluation of Human Assisted Speaker Recognition (HASR). We describe our qualitative and automatic speaker comparison processes and our fusion of these processes, which are adapted from...

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USSS-MITLL 2010 human assisted speaker recognition

Information security for situational awareness in computer network defense

January 1, 2011
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Book Chapter
Author:
Uri Blumenthal
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Published in:
Chapter Six, Situational Awareness in Computer Network Defense: Principles, Methods, and Applications, 2011, pp. 86-103.
Topic:
cryptography
R&D area:
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Summary

Situational awareness - the perception of "what's going on" - is crucial in every field of human endeavor, especially so in the cyber world where most of the protections afforded by physical time and distance are taken away. Since ancient times, military science emphasized the importance of preserving your awareness of the battlefield and at the same time preventing your adversary from learning the true situation for as long as possible. Today cyber is officially recognized as a contested military domain like air, land, and sea. Therefore situational awareness in computer networks will be under attacks of military strength and will require military-grade protection. This chapter describes the emerging threats for computer SA, and the potential avenues of defense against them.
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Summary

Situational awareness - the perception of "what's going on" - is crucial in every field of human endeavor, especially so in the cyber world where most of the protections afforded by physical time and distance are taken away. Since ancient times, military science emphasized the importance of preserving your awareness...

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Information security for situational awareness in computer network defense

Topic identification

January 1, 2011
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Book Chapter
Author:
Timothy J. Hazen
Published in:
Chapter 12, Spoken Language Understanding: Systems for Extracting from Speech, Gokhan Tur and Renato De Mori, eds., 2011, pp. 319-356.
Topic:
topic identification
R&D area:
R&D group:

Summary

In this chapter we discuss the problem of identifying the underlying topics beings discussed in spoken audio recordings. We focus primarily on the issues related to supervised topic classification or detection tasks using labeled training data, but we also discuss approaches for other related tasks including novel topic detection and unsupervised topic clustering. The chapter provides an overview of the common tasks and data sets, evaluation metrics, and algorithms most commonly used in this area of study.
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Summary

In this chapter we discuss the problem of identifying the underlying topics beings discussed in spoken audio recordings. We focus primarily on the issues related to supervised topic classification or detection tasks using labeled training data, but we also discuss approaches for other related tasks including novel topic detection and...

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Topic identification

Using United States government language proficiency standards for MT evaluation

January 1, 2011
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Book Chapter
Author:
Douglas A. Jones
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Published in:
Chapter 5.3.3 in Handbook of Natural Language Processing and Machine Translation, 2011, pp. 775-82.
Topic:
human language technology
R&D area:
R&D group:

Summary

The purpose of this section is to discuss a method of measuring the degree to which the essential meaning of the original text is communicated in the MT output. We view this test to be a measurement of the fundamental goal of MT; that is, to convey information accurately from one language to another. We conducted a series of experiments in which educated native readers of English responded to test questions about translated versions of texts originally written in Arabic and Chinese. We compared the results for those subjects using machine translations of the texts with those using professional reference translations. These comparisons serve as a baseline for determining the level of foreign language reading comprehension that can be achieved by a native English reader relying on machine translation technology. This also allows us to explore the relationship between the current, broadly accepted automatic measures of performance for machine translation and a test derived from the Defense Language Proficiency Test, which is used throughout the Defense Department for measuring foreign language proficiency. Our goal is to put MT system performance evaluation into terms that are meaningful to US government consumers of MT output.
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Summary

The purpose of this section is to discuss a method of measuring the degree to which the essential meaning of the original text is communicated in the MT output. We view this test to be a measurement of the fundamental goal of MT; that is, to convey information accurately from...

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Using United States government language proficiency standards for MT evaluation

MIT Lincoln Laboratory TCAS surveillance performance

December 28, 2010
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Project Report
Author:
Charles E. Rose
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Published in:
MIT Lincoln Laboratory Report ATC-370
Topic:
collision avoidance
R&D area:
R&D group:

Summary

The Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) Version 7 surveillance requirements were developed in the mid-1990s with the use of limited radar data. Recently, a more comprehensive radar data source has become available, enabling a thorough analysis of TCAS surveillance performance throughouth the National Airspace System (NAS). This paper characterizes six high traffic terminal environments over three months. A busy one hour period was selected from each location for density and equipage measurements. This paper then describes the use of a high fidelity simulation to characterize TCAS surveillance performance in the isx locations. Transponder utilization due to TCAS and TCAS surveillance range are compared with the design requirements, including interference limiting specifications. The effect of TCAS surveillance activity on Air Traffic Control (ATC) ground radar performance is also investigated. Results indicate that the surveillance algorithms perform as intended and that TCAS has a minimal impact on ground radar. Areas of concern are noted for future investigation.
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Summary

The Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) Version 7 surveillance requirements were developed in the mid-1990s with the use of limited radar data. Recently, a more comprehensive radar data source has become available, enabling a thorough analysis of TCAS surveillance performance throughouth the National Airspace System (NAS). This paper...

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MIT Lincoln Laboratory TCAS surveillance performance

Direct and latent modeling techniques for computing spoken document similarity

December 12, 2010
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Conference Paper
Author:
Timothy J. Hazen
Published in:
SLT 2010, IEEE Workshop on Spoken Language Technology, 12-15 December 2010.
Topic:
topic identification
R&D area:
R&D group:

Summary

Document similarity measures are required for a variety of data organization and retrieval tasks including document clustering, document link detection, and query-by-example document retrieval. In this paper we examine existing and novel document similarity measures for use with spoken document collections processed with automatic speech recognition (ASR) technology. We compare direct vector space approaches using the cosine similarity measure applied to feature vectors constructed with various forms of term frequency inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) normalization against latent topic modeling approaches based on latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA). In document link detection experiments on the Fisher Corpus, we find that an approach that applies bagging to models derived from LDA substantially outperforms the direct vector space approach.
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Summary

Document similarity measures are required for a variety of data organization and retrieval tasks including document clustering, document link detection, and query-by-example document retrieval. In this paper we examine existing and novel document similarity measures for use with spoken document collections processed with automatic speech recognition (ASR) technology. We compare...

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Direct and latent modeling techniques for computing spoken document similarity

Subgraph detection using eigenvector L1 norms

December 6, 2010
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Conference Paper
Author:
Benjamin A. Miller
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Published in:
23rd Int. Conf. on Neural Info. Process. Syst., NIPS, 6-9 December 2010, pp. 1633-41.
Topic:
signal processing
R&D area:
R&D group:

Summary

When working with network datasets, the theoretical framework of detection theory for Euclidean vector spaces no longer applies. Nevertheless, it is desirable to determine the detectability of small, anomalous graphs embedded into background networks with known statistical properties. Casting the problem of subgraph detection in a signal processing context, this article provides a framework and empirical results that elucidate a "detection theory" for graph-valued data. Its focus is the detection of anomalies in unweighted, undirected graphs through L1 properties of the eigenvectors of the graph's so-called modularity matrix. This metric is observed to have relatively low variance for certain categories of randomly-generated graphs, and to reveal the presence of an anomalous subgraph with reasonable reliability when the anomaly is not well-correlated with stronger portions of the background graph. An analysis of subgraphs in real network datasets confirms the efficacy of this approach.
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Summary

When working with network datasets, the theoretical framework of detection theory for Euclidean vector spaces no longer applies. Nevertheless, it is desirable to determine the detectability of small, anomalous graphs embedded into background networks with known statistical properties. Casting the problem of subgraph detection in a signal processing context, this...

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Subgraph detection using eigenvector L1 norms

Analysis of ground-based radar low-altitude wind-shear detection in OEP terminal airspace for NextGen

December 2, 2010
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Project Report
Author:
Suilou Huang
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Published in:
MIT Lincoln Laboratory Report ATC-375
Topic:
wind shear
R&D area:
R&D group:

Summary

To support the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen), the Reduce Weather Impact Sensor RightSizing program is identifying and analyzing gaps in the current sensor network coverage relative to the Four-Dimensional Weather Data Cube Single Authoritative Source performance requirements. In this study, we look for shortfalls in low-altitude wind-shear sensing by ground-based radars and lidar in the NextGen super-density operations (SDO) terminal airspace. Specifically, 2D gridded wind-shear visibility (an upper bound to detection probability) data are generated for microbursts and gust fronts separately for different sensors, namely the Terminal Doppler Weather Radar, Next Generation Weather Radar, Airport Surveillance Radar-9 with Weather Systems Processor, and Doppler lidar.
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Summary

To support the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen), the Reduce Weather Impact Sensor RightSizing program is identifying and analyzing gaps in the current sensor network coverage relative to the Four-Dimensional Weather Data Cube Single Authoritative Source performance requirements. In this study, we look for shortfalls in low-altitude wind-shear sensing...

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Analysis of ground-based radar low-altitude wind-shear detection in OEP terminal airspace for NextGen

The MIT-LL/AFRL IWSLT-2010 MT system

December 2, 2010
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Conference Paper
Author:
Wade Shen
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Published in:
Proc. Int. Workshop on Spoken Language Translation, IWSLT, 2 December 2010.
Topic:
machine translation
R&D area:
R&D group:

Summary

This paper describes the MIT-LUAFRL statistical MT system and the improvements that were developed during the IWSLT 2010 evaluation campaign. As part of these efforts, we experimented with a number of extensions to the standard phrase-based model that improve performance on the Arabic and Turkish to English translation tasks. We also participated in the new French to English BTEC and English to French TALK tasks. We discuss the architecture of the MIT-LL/AFRL MT system, improvements over our 2008 system, and experiments we ran during the IWSLT-2010 evaluation. Specifically, we focus on 1) cross-domain translation using MAP adaptation, 2) Turkish morphological processing and translation, 3) improved Arabic morphology for MT preprocessing, and 4) system combination methods for machine translation.
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Summary

This paper describes the MIT-LUAFRL statistical MT system and the improvements that were developed during the IWSLT 2010 evaluation campaign. As part of these efforts, we experimented with a number of extensions to the standard phrase-based model that improve performance on the Arabic and Turkish to English translation tasks. We...

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The MIT-LL/AFRL IWSLT-2010 MT system

Microwave photonic applications of slab-coupled optical waveguide devices

November 8, 2010
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Conference Paper
Author:
Paul W. Juodawlkis
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Published in:
2010 23rd Annual Mtg. of the IEEE Photonics Society, 10 November 2010, pp. 479-480.
Topic:
photonics
R&D area:

Summary

The semiconductor slab-coupled optical waveguide (SCOW) concept is a versatile device platform that has enabled new classes of high-power, low-noise single-frequency lasers, mode-locked lasers, optical amplifiers, and photodiodes for analog optical links and photonic analog-to-digital converters.
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Summary

The semiconductor slab-coupled optical waveguide (SCOW) concept is a versatile device platform that has enabled new classes of high-power, low-noise single-frequency lasers, mode-locked lasers, optical amplifiers, and photodiodes for analog optical links and photonic analog-to-digital converters.

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Microwave photonic applications of slab-coupled optical waveguide devices
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